Secure toll-free application data access

ABSTRACT

Secure toll-free application data network access is disclosed. Respective limits for registered traffic (e.g., application provider addresses; content type; transmission time; location; etc.) and non-registered traffic (e.g., all other traffic) may be associated with an application eligible for toll-free connectivity. As traffic is received via the toll-free connection, the data is inspected to determine first whether the traffic is registered or non-registered traffic. If registered, the quantity of data is deducted from the allowable data amount specified during provisioning for registered traffic. If non-registered, the quantity of data is deducted from the allowable amount specified during provisioning for non-registered traffic. Accordingly, a toll-free application provider can agree to sponsor a limited quantity of arbitrary traffic which may be generated as content viewed through the wrapped application.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present application relates generally to acquiring access to a datanetwork and more specifically to systems, methods, and devices forsecure toll-free application data network access.

2. Description of Related Technology

In many telecommunication systems, the operators of a network controlwho can access the network as well as the degree of access permitted.The access may be controlled by a subscription. The subscription isgenerally an agreement between a user and a network operator. Theagreement typically includes payment for access.

As devices become more robust, the content available for display via thedevices also increases. The devices may process more data in a fasterway to provide enhanced user experiences. For example, some smartphonesare capable of downloading high-definition video content via acellular/LTE/3G connection for display on the smartphone.

While the devices may be consuming more data, the users must account forthe increased data obtained via the network. To help curb the overallnetwork impact, some network operators have introduced limited dataplans. These limited plans allow a fixed quantity of data access for adevice. Should a particular device consume more than the plan amount,the user of such a device is either cutoff from further access orpermitted additional access at an extra, perhaps, cost.

Furthermore, some devices are available without a data plan. Suchdevices may be configured to execute applications such as a video ormusic player. These devices may attach to a data network using a Wi-Finetwork, but, due to the lack of a contract, are unable to access thedata network via cellular/LTE/3G connections.

Accordingly, devices, systems, and methods for permitting securetoll-free application data network access on anapplication-by-application basis are desirable.

SUMMARY OF CERTAIN INNOVATIVE ASPECTS

In one innovative aspect, there is a device for providing dataconnectivity. The device includes a memory storing data connectivitypolicy information for an application associated with a serviceprovider. The data connectivity policy information includes a registeredtraffic policy and an unregistered traffic policy. The registeredtraffic policy includes a traffic identifier and a registered trafficquantity. The unregistered traffic policy includes an unregisteredtraffic quantity. The device further includes a receiver configured toreceive, via a data connection to a telecommunication network, data froman instance of the application installed on a device. The device alsoincludes a usage monitor configured to maintain a first quantityindicative of registered data received via the data connection based onthe received data and the registered traffic policy. The usage monitoris further configured to maintain a second quantity indicative ofunregistered data communicated via the data connection based on thereceived data and the unregistered traffic policy. The device furtherincludes a connection manager. The connection manager is configured toclose the data connection when the first quantity exceeds the registeredtraffic quantity. The connection manager is also configured to close thedata connection when the second quantity exceeds the unregisteredtraffic quantity.

In another innovative aspect, there is a method of providing dataconnectivity. The method includes storing, via a memory, dataconnectivity policy information for an application associated with aservice provider. The data connectivity policy information includes aregistered traffic policy and an unregistered traffic policy. Theregistered traffic policy includes a traffic identifier and a registeredtraffic quantity. The unregistered traffic policy includes anunregistered traffic quantity. The method also includes receiving, via adata connection to a telecommunication network, data from an instance ofthe application installed on a device. The method further includesmaintaining, via an electronic device, a first quantity indicative ofregistered data received via the data connection based on the receiveddata and the registered traffic policy. The method further includesmaintaining a second quantity indicative of unregistered datacommunicated via the data connection based on the received data and theunregistered traffic policy. The method includes closing the dataconnection when the first quantity exceeds the registered trafficquantity. The method also includes closing the data connection when thesecond quantity exceeds the unregistered traffic quantity. In a furtherinnovative aspect, there is a computer-readable storage mediumcomprising instructions executable by a processor of an apparatus. Theinstructions cause the apparatus to perform the method of providing dataconnectivity described above.

The systems, methods, and devices of the invention each have severalaspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirableattributes. Without limiting the scope of this invention as expressed bythe claims which follow, some features will now be discussed briefly.After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading thesection entitled “Detailed Description” one will understand how thefeatures of this invention provide advantages that include securetoll-free cross carrier data network access.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an example communication networksystem.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an example of a communicationdevice.

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an example of an applicationwrapper.

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of an example wholesale server.

FIG. 5 is a message diagram for provisioning a toll-free application.

FIG. 6 is a message diagram for obtaining a wholesale data connection.

FIG. 7 is a message diagram for secure communication of data via awholesale data connection.

FIG. 8 is a message diagram for obtaining a wholesale data connectionfrom a partner network.

FIG. 9 is a message diagram for transmitting data via a wholesale dataconnection from a partner network.

FIG. 10 is a message diagram for terminating a wholesale dataconnection.

FIG. 11 is a process flow diagram for an example method of secure datatransmission.

FIG. 12 is a process flow diagram for an example method of securewholesale data communication.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

In one aspect, an architecture comprising a first application operableto request data connection to a telecommunication network in aclient/server mode is provided. The architecture also includes a wrapperfor the first application and operable to detect triggering of the firstapplication (or intercept first request for data from server), send anauthorization request to a billing server in the telecommunicationnetwork, the authorization comprising an application identifier and anoperator identifier for requesting special handling of the firstapplication data connection from the operator, and, upon receipt of anauthorization from the billing server, authorizing data connection tothe network from the first application.

Some network operators may find a benefit in partnering with companiesto offer toll-free (e.g., no charge) or discounted connectivity forapplications. For example, the companies may offer prepaid applicationsthat would allow a user to access and use an application for a certainamount of time or data, even in a roaming situation.

The experience to the user may be transparent. The systems and methodsdescribed herein provide the management of the toll-free connectivitywithout the need for user interaction. This is achieved in-part via anapplication wrapper that is associated with a regular application. Thewrapper is generally arranged to detect triggering of the application.Once triggered, the wrapper may send a request to the network toidentify a specific billing plan for the application. The wrapper mayreceive authorization from the network and execute the applicationnormally under the specific billing plan for the application. Thewrapper may report monitored data usage for the application to thenetwork. Through the use of wrapper, the billing of the application maynot be charged to the user or charged at a discounted rate.

As one example, consider a content provider like “MegaSports.”MegaSports may develop an application which may execute on mobiledevices but requires access to a data network to obtain the content.MegaSports may negotiate a global wholesale data access deal withnetwork provider like SuperTelco. The deal may specify various dataaccess limits for traffic associated with the wrapped application.Examples of these limits may include one or more of a maximum datalimit, per data unit (e.g., byte, megabyte, gigabyte) price, andgeographic coverage, service level agreements (SLAB) on mobile, fixed,per user limits, etc. SuperTelco may provide an API/wrapper toMegaSports' application. MegaSports can distribute the applicationthrough multiple distribution channels including application stores, SIMcards, hardware attachment (e.g., earphones, sensor, etc.), and thelike. When a customer of SuperTelco tries to use the MegaSportsapplication, SuperTelco may identify the application traffic as relatedto MegaSports and manage the session until the negotiated quota expires.This may include refraining from billing the user for applicationtraffic for the MegaSports application.

When some user is accessing a partner network, such as OtherTelco, theapplication data connectivity requests may be routed to SuperTelco tovalidate access (e.g., via APIs). Once validated SuperTelco can provideOtherTelco with SLAs and per user quota limits OtherTelco may manage theend user session including allowing traffic to and from the MegaSportsapplication based on the provided information. Upon completion of a usersession or another designated time, OtherTelco may send a clearancerequest to SuperTelco. The clearance request may include the amount owedto OtherTelco for allowing the application traffic for the MegaSportsapplication. SuperTelco may then settle the charges to OtherTelco.

One non-limiting advantage of the described aspects is the ability toprovide a data rich application in way that does not require the user topay for accessing. The bargain of receiving the user's usage data inexchange for free data access subsidized by the application provider maybe an attractive bargain.

A further non-limiting advantage of the described aspects is thetransparency to the user and the application provider. In part becausethe application wrapper forms a contain within which the application canexecute, the functions of the application may be monitored and enhancedto provide the toll-free experience without the need for further user orapplication provider configurations.

Another non-limiting advantage of the described aspects is theapplication can access a network controlled by a wholesale networkoperator who has negotiated the wrapped application with the applicationprovider. The application may also access a network controlled by apartner network operator (e.g., roaming). In such implementations, thepartner may allow the application toll-free access and instead ofcharging the user, the partner can reconcile the cost of the access withthe wholesale operator. Furthermore, devices without a traditionalcellular data plan may use aspects described to use a data richapplication.

It may be desirable, in some implementations, to provide securetoll-free access. One security challenge in providing free access existsin identifying traffic accessed via a wrapped application but not hostedby the application provider. For example, an application may supportviewing arbitrary webpages through the wrapped application. Whilecommunication with the wrapped application provider can be determined apriori, maintaining a list of all webpages which may be accessed via thewrapped application can be difficult and resource intensive. Onenon-limiting advantage of the features described is avoidance of theneed to know all types of traffic associated with a wrapped application.

Another security risk in providing toll-free access is spoofing.Spoofing generally refers to a situation where traffic from a firstapplication is altered such that it appears to be coming from a secondapplication. Spoofing of the wrapped application may be possible in somecircumstances. In such circumstances, the toll-free access may beprovided for content which the wrapped application provider does notwish to sponsor.

To address the spoofing and arbitrary content problems, as part of theprovisioning process, respective limits for registered traffic (e.g.,application provider addresses; content type; transmission time;location; etc.) and non-registered traffic (e.g., all other traffic) maybe associated with the wrapped application. As traffic is received via awholesale connection for a wrapped application, the data is inspected todetermine first whether it is registered or non-registered traffic. Ifregistered, the quantity of data is deducted from the allowable dataamount specified during provisioning for registered traffic. Ifnon-registered, the quantity of data is deducted from the allowableamount specified during provisioning for non-registered traffic.Accordingly, a wrapped application provider can agree to sponsor alimited quantity of arbitrary traffic which may be generated as contentviewed through the wrapped application. However, by providing a limit,the sponsor can reduce the risk of sponsoring traffic from a spoofedapplication.

Enforcement of the limits may be achieved through collaboration betweenthe communication device executing the instance of the wrappedapplication and the network providing the connectivity. Such a hybridapproach provides at least two points to verify that the intendedconnectivity is provided to the intended applications.

In one implementation of the collaborative secure communication, thedevice agent may be configured to act as the primary counter of trafficby maintaining a count of bits sent and received for an application. Thedevice agent may also be configured to check the content (e.g., URL)browsed in the context of the application. The context can includepre-defined toll-free content specified by the operator and/orapplication provider. The device may notify the network when the amountof data communicated outside the pre-defined context. In someimplementations, the device may synchronize usage information with oneor more of a service provider, network operator, or the like.

The operator may be configured to allow either the application provideror the operator to specify one or more quotas for registered andunregistered traffic. These quotas may be provided to the device runningthe application for additional enforcement of the limits In someimplementations, the device simply reports the amount of data and theURL associated for each. In such implementations, the operator may thendetermine when the quota limits are reached for a given applicationbased on the provisioning rules for the application. In someimplementations, the device may be configured to delete the applicationif the amount of excessive non-registered traffic is greater than anoverboard threshold. For instance, a texting application may, even forthe heaviest user, consume 10 MB per day. If an instance of theapplication is identified which consumes 1 GB of data in a day (e.g.,grossly larger than the heaviest typical user), the instance of theapplication may be deleted or otherwise prevented from connecting to thenetwork.

Various aspects of the novel systems, apparatuses, and methods aredescribed more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanyingdrawings. The teachings disclosure may, however, be embodied in manydifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to any specificstructure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather,these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough andcomplete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to thoseskilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the artshould appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to coverany aspect of the novel systems, apparatuses, and methods disclosedherein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any otheraspect of the invention. For example, an apparatus may be implemented ora method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forthherein. In addition, the scope of the invention is intended to coversuch an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure,functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or otherthan the various aspects of the invention set forth herein. It should beunderstood that any aspect disclosed herein may be embodied by one ormore elements of a claim.

Although particular aspects are described herein, many variations andpermutations of these aspects fall within the scope of the disclosure.Although some benefits and advantages of the preferred aspects arementioned, the scope of the disclosure is not intended to be limited toparticular benefits, uses, or objectives. Rather, aspects of thedisclosure are intended to be broadly applicable to different dataaccess technologies, system configurations, networks, and transmissionprotocols, some of which are illustrated by way of example in thefigures and in the following description of the preferred aspects. Thedetailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of thedisclosure rather than limiting, the scope of the disclosure beingdefined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an example communication networksystem. The system 100 includes a communication device 200. Thecommunication device 200 may be an electronic communication device suchas a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a personalcomputer, a game console, a set-top box, or other communication deviceconfigured to transmit/receive data.

The communication device 200 may include an application 112. Anapplication may generally refer to an installed capability for thecommunication device 200. Example applications include a web browser, amovie viewer, a music player, a newsreader, a document editor, or otherfunctional additions to the communication device 200. The application112 may be installed on the communication device 200 by themanufacturer, a network operator providing service for the device,and/or a user of the communication device 200. The application 112 maybe installed once hardware is attached to the communication device 200.For example, attaching a sensor to the communication device 200 maycause the execution/installation of the application 112. Theinstallation may be performed at the time of manufacture, via over theair provisioning, via storage coupled to the communication device 200such as a SIM card, or other suitable installation means.

The application 112 may be wrapped by a wrapper 300. The wrapper 300 maybe considered a container for the application 112. The application 112may be executable without a wrapper, but the wrapper 300 may provideadditional functionality for the application 112 without requiring theapplication developer to know the details of the wrapper 300 interface.For example, an application developer may generate a new interactivegame. Standing alone, the application may request network access forplaying the game. In a wrapped mode, the application may request networkaccess via the wrapper 300 for playing the game. The wrapper 300 mayintercept the network access request and perform additional processingrelated thereto as will be described in further detail below.

The communication device 200 may be configured to access a network 130via an access point 120. The access point 120 may be a Wi-Fi accesspoint, a cellular access point, an LTE or other 3G access point, a radioaccess point, a wired access point (e.g., Ethernet), or other networkportal. Accordingly, the network 130 may be a packet switched network, apublic network, a wide-area network, a private area network, a meshnetwork, a cellular network, a radio network, a local area network, orother such communication network configured to transmit and receive databetween devices.

The access point 120 may be configured to permit certain communicationdevices access to the network 130. The access point 120 may performauthorization for the communication device before allowing access to thenetwork 130. The communication device 200 may provide information to theaccess point 120 which may be used to determine whether or not to allowthe communication device 200 to access the network 130. The access point120 is generally associated with a service provider. The serviceprovider is the entity which determines who may access the network 130.For example, a telecommunications company may construct a radio toweraccess point to allow customers with a valid subscription to access anetwork. In such cases, the telecommunications company may wish to limitor otherwise control who can access the network.

FIG. 1 shows a wholesale operator server 400 in data communication withthe network 130. The wholesale operator server 400 is configured toprovide access on a wholesale basis. The wholesale operator server 400may receive information regarding communication devices and/orapplications which are allocated an amount of network access.Accordingly, when an application requests access via the access point120, the access point 120 may inquire with the wholesale operator server400 as to whether the application and/or communication device isauthorized for wholesale access. In the event the application and orcommunication device is not authorized, the access point 120 may fallback on a standard subscription determination for the communicationdevice 200. For example, a determination as to whether the communicationdevice 200 has a valid subscription may be performed.

The wholesale operator server 400 is in further communication with abilling server 150. The billing server 150 is configured to receiveinformation regarding access for the wholesale operator server 400.Where the access point 120 is operated by an entity other than thewholesale operator, the operator of the network access point may requestcompensation for allowing the communication device 200 and/or theapplication 112 to access the network. The billing server 150 may beconfigured to facilitate this reimbursement by reconciling the usageauthorized by the wholesale operator server 400 with the operator of thenetwork access point. In some implementations, the billing server 150may be configured to generate a billing request to a third-party such asthe application developer. The billing request may indicate an amountrequested. In some implementations, the billing server 150 may beconfigured to generate a billing request to an account associated withthe communication device 200.

The wholesale operator server 400 is further configured to communicatewith a packet inspector 160. As shown in FIG. 1, the packet inspector160 is in direct communication with the wholesale operator server 400.In some implementations, the packet inspector 160 may be coupled via thenetwork to the wholesale operator server 400. In some implementations,the packet inspector 160 may be integrated as part of the wholesaleoperator server 400.

The packet inspector 160 is configured to receive a packet of data andidentify characteristics of the packet. Characteristics which the packetinspector 160 can identify include source address, destination address,source URL, destination URL, packet size, packet length, packettransmission time, application generating the packet, and the like. Thepacket inspector 160 may be configured to transmit an inspection reportincluding one or more of the characteristics identified. In someimplementations, the packet inspector 160 may provide several services.For example, a service designed to accept the packet and return theapplication identifier for the application generating the packet may beincluded. As another example, a service designed to accept the packetand one or more inspection rules and return a Boolean value indicatingwhether the packet is permitted may be included.

The wholesale operator server 400 is also shown to be in datacommunication with an access controller 170. As shown in FIG. 1, theaccess controller 170 is in direct communication with the wholesaleoperator server 400. In some implementations, the access controller 170may be coupled via the network 130 to the wholesale operator server 400.In some implementations, the access controller 170 may be integrated aspart of the wholesale operator server 400.

The access controller 170 is configured to control access to thewholesale operator server 400 and functions provided thereby. Forexample, the access controller 170 may provide authorization for awrapped application to connect to the network via the wholesale operatorserver 400. In some implementations, the access controller 170 maytransmit the control information via the network 130 to the access point120. The access point 120 may then adjust the connection with thecommunication device 200 according to the control information. Forexample, if the wrapped application 112 has exceeded a quantity oftoll-free access, the access controller 170 may transmit a message tothe access point 120 to terminate the toll-free connection with thewrapped application 112.

FIG. 1 also includes a partner operator server 180. The partner operatorserver 180 generally refers to an operator who does not have anegotiated data connectivity policy for the wrapped application. Thepartner may provide toll-free access to the wrapped application throughan agreement (e.g., charge-back agreement) with the wholesale operator.This agreement and subsequent authorization may be achieved throughmessages transmitted from the partner operator server 180 and thewholesale operator server 400 via the network 130. The authorizationmessaging will be described in further detail below.

The partner operator server 180 may be configured to communicate withthe packet inspector 160 as described above. In some implementations,the partner operator server 180 may be coupled with or include a partnerpacket inspector (not shown). The partner operator server 180 may beconfigured to communicate with the access controller 170. In someimplementations, the partner operator server 180 may be coupled with adifferent access controller than the access controller 170 associatedwith the wholesale operator serve 400.

The system 100 shown further includes an application provider 185. Theapplication provider 185 is an entity that provides the applicationwhich will be wrapped. The application provider 185 may be coupled withthe network 130. The application may be provided via the network 130such as through an Internet download or an application store. In someimplementations, the application provider 185 may provide theapplication to the wholesale operator server 400 for wrapping and/ordistribution. The application provider 185 may also establish the dataconnectivity policy for the application via the network 130. FIG. 1shows an optional communication path directly from the applicationprovider 185 to the wholesale operator server 400. Such a directcommunication path may be used to provide the application to thewholesale operator for wrapping and/or establish the connectivitypolicy. The connectivity policy may include a quantity of data forregistered addresses which will be accessible through the wrappedapplication as well as a quantity of data for non-registered addresswhich will be accessible through the wrapped application. In someimplementations, the connectivity policy may include a total quantity ofdata permitted for the application along with a non-registeredpercentage identifying a percent of total data which may be accessiblethrough the wrapped application. Further details of the provisioningprocess are provided below.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an example of a communicationdevice. When implemented as a device hosting a wrapped application, thecommunication device 200 may include circuitry for performing the mainfunctions of a mobile phone, such as a mobile smart-phone, a tabletcomputer, a laptop computer, gaming console, set-top-box, personalcomputer, or the like.

The communication device 200 may include one or more antennas 202 and atransceiver unit 204 for the transmission and reception of wirelesssignals; output hardware 206 such as an audio unit, a microphone, and/ora display screen; a clock 208; a power source 210 (e.g., battery, solarpanel, wired power connection); a memory 212, input hardware 214 such asa keypad or touchscreen for receiving a user input, a GPS unit forindicating the geographical location of the device, a wired networkconnection (e.g., Ethernet port); and a processor 216. Some outputhardware 212 such as a display screen may include a touch sensitivescreen. Accordingly, some output hardware 212 may provide inputfunctionality and some input hardware 214 may provide outputfunctionality. The memory 212 may include one or more memory circuitsincluding non-volatile memory circuits (e.g., EEPROM, FLASH, etc.).

Depending on the capabilities of the communication device 200 and thesupporting telecommunication networks the communication device 200 canalso provide a range of voice and data communication services. Asnon-limiting examples the communication device 200 provides telephonenetwork based communication services including voice, multimedia andtext messaging, as well as other data exchange capabilities, enablingInternet access and email exchange, for example.

The communication device 200 may be configured to exchange data via a 3Gnetwork with remote servers such as a wholesale operator server and/oran application provider, and to enable data exchange enabling Internetaccess (e.g., data network). The communication device 200 is operable tohave applications or widgets installed, such as, but not limited tosocial networking applications or email applications, for example, whichwhen executed may exchange data with the remote servers. Eachapplication or widget installed on the communication device 200 may havean associated graphical user interface.

The communication device 200 may also include one or more applications218. The communication device 200 may further include one or morewrapped applications 220. A wrapped application 220 is distinguishablefrom an application in that communications to/from the wrappedapplication 220 are exchanged via an application wrapper.

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an example of an applicationwrapper. The application wrapper 300 includes a connection detector 302.The connection detector is configured to detect connection activity forthe wrapped application 220. Connection activity may include a requestfor a connection, a request to transmit information via a connection,termination of a connection, reset of a connection, or other datacommunication connection activities.

The connection detector 302 may be configured to detect connectionactivity based on the application communications received from thewrapped application 220. The connection detector 302 may be configuredto generate a message identifying the connection activity and transmitthis information via a bus 324.

A connection manager 304 may obtain the message identifying theconnection activity. If the message identifies a request for a newconnection, the connection manager 304 may cause the initiation of theconnection. Once a connection is established, the connection manager 304may be configured to maintain the connection on behalf of the wrappedapplication 220.

As part of establishing a connection, the connection manager 304 may beconfigured to establish a toll-free connection. The connection manager304 may transmit an authentication request via an authenticationtransceiver 306. The authentication request may be transmitted to awholesale operator server. The authentication request includes anidentifier for the application and the wholesale operator associatedwith the application.

The authentication transceiver 306 may receive the authenticationresponse. The authentication response may include an authenticationtoken for a wholesale data connection. The token may be used forsubsequent communications to or from the application to indicate theauthorization status for the connection. The authentication response mayalso include a data connectivity policy including one or more of a datatransmission amount, a receive data amount, a data connection duration,and a policy expiration time.

The authentication response may indicate a wholesale connection is notavailable. In such situations, the connection manager may attempt toestablish a connection based on subscription information for the device.

A configuration manager 308 may be included in the wrapper 300. Theconfiguration manager 308 may include one or more parameters for thewrapper 300 and/or the wrapped application 220. For example, theconfiguration manager 308 may receive wrapped application configurationinformation via the transceiver 204. The wrapped applicationconfiguration information may identify a network address for thewholesale operator server, information to be included in theauthorization request, information regarding the data connectivitypolicy, applying copy protections for the application or associated datastored for the application, enabling/disabling device features duringapplication execution (e.g., screen shot, camera, microphone), or otherparameter(s) to adjust the function of the wrapper 300 and/or thewrapped application 220.

One non-limiting advantage of the configuration manager 308 is theability to remotely adjust the wrapper 300 and/or the wrappedapplication 220. Such control may be useful for providing bug fixes,disabling rogue devices/applications, or dynamically adjustingoperational aspects of the wrapped application 220 without requiring areinstallation or affirmative action on behalf of a user of the device.

The wrapper 300 may also include a virtual private network adapter 310.The virtual private network adapter 310 may be included to providesecure communication between the wrapped application 220 and the network130. Upon establishing a connection, the virtual private network adapter310 may be used for application communications. The virtual privatenetwork adapter 310 may be used only for authentication. In someimplementations, it may be desirable to use the virtual private networkadapter 310 for application data communications as well. For example, ifthe application is a banking application, the application developer maydetermine that certain transactions utilize the virtual private networkadapter 310.

As information flows through the established connection, a data meter312 is configured to monitor information for the authorized dataconnection. Information which may be collected includes a datatransmission amount, a data received amount, a data connection duration,a destination of data transmitted, a source of data received, one ormore data request messages, one or more data response messages, and atime at which the authorized data connection was established. The datameter 312 may also time stamp each element of information to identifywhen the metered value was collected.

A usage analyzer 316 may be configured to process the informationcollected by the data meter 312. Such processing may include calculatingusage information for an authorized data connection. The usage analyzer316 may also be configured to compare the usage information with thedata connectivity policy. For example if the number of bytes of data forthe wrapped application 220 exceeds a quantity specified in the dataconnectivity policy, the usage analyzer may generate a messageindicating the policy amounts have been exceeded. The usage analyzer 316may receive a list of registered addresses for the application and/ordata limits for registered and non-registered traffic. To assist in theanalysis of packets of data, the usage analyzer 316 may be configured totransmit the packet to the packet inspector 160. The usage analyzer 316may be further configured to collect application specific analytics suchas the time spent on given location within the application, buttonspressed, application performance, and the like. In some implementations,the application configuration may specify the aspects to analyze.

This message may be received by an event processor 320. The eventprocessor 320 may be configured to instruct the wrapper 300 and/or thewrapped application 220 to take one or more actions based on thereceived event. Events may include usage events, such as exceeding theauthorized data connectivity policy. Events may include device eventssuch as powering down, low battery, incoming phone call, termination ofa phone call, initialization of an application, termination of anapplication, device locking, device unlocking, and the like. An exampleof an action may be for the connection manager 304 to terminate aconnection upon detection of exceeding the authorized data connectivitypolicy. In some implementations, the event processor 320 may beconfigured to transmit event information to a third-party. For example,a wrapped application to keep track of where a child's smartphone islocated may detect movement into an area of interest (e.g., into a‘restricted’ area, at a specific time, etc.). This event may cause thetransmission of a text message or email message to another device (e.g.,the parent's smartphone) in addition to transmitting application data tothe application provider. In the case of an email message, because thewrapped application may provide toll-free access, the application mayreceive data connectivity to send this potentially life-saving message.

Another example of an action may be to transmit a report of the usageanalyzer 316. A sync engine 318 may be configured to provide such anupdate of usage information for the wrapped application 220. The syncengine 318 may obtain the usage information from the usage analyzer 316,prepare the information for transmission, and send the usagetransmission. The sync engine 318 may be configured to transmit suchusage information based on an event, and or the periodic schedule. Forexample, the sync engine 318 may be configured to transmit a report ofusage every five minutes. The usage report may include the authorizationtoken, an application identifier, an operator identifier, and a deviceidentifier.

An error monitor 322 is included to detect errors raised by theapplication and or the wrapper 300. The error monitor 322 may generatean error report. This error report may be transmitted to the wholesaleserver operator via the sync engine 318. The error report may includethe authorization token, an application identifier, and operatoridentifier, a device identifier, and information related to the errorraised.

The wrapper 300 shown in FIG. 3 receives device information. The deviceinformation may include one of power or network bandwidth available tothe device, a location identifier indicating a geospatial location ofthe device, a device identifier uniquely identifying the device, and auser identifier. Examples of device information include a deviceoperating system identifier, an operating system version, and deviceevents and/or errors. The device information is made available to theelements of the wrapper 300 for further processing. For example, thesync engine 318 may be configured to defer transmitting usage reportswhen device resources are limited (e.g., low bandwidth, low power).

The bus 324 may couple the above described elements for the wrapper 300.The bus 324 may be a data bus, communication bus, or other bus mechanismto enable the various components of the wrapper 300 to exchangeinformation. It will further be appreciated that while differentelements have been shown, multiple elements may be combined into asingle element, such as the data meter 312 and the event processor 320.

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of an example wholesale server. Thewholesale server 400 is configured to manage the provisioning ofwholesale data access (e.g., toll-free or subsidized access) for wrappedapplications. The management includes receiving applications for wrappeddistributions, receiving configuration for the application data policy,providing the authentication and application data policy, and, when theapplication is made available through partner operator networks,providing an authorization interface and reconciliation interface forthe partner operators.

The wholesale server 400 may include one or more antennas (not shown)and a transceiver 402 for the transmission and reception of wirelesssignals; a processor 404; a memory 406; a clock 408; and a power source410 (e.g., battery, solar panel, wired power connection). In someimplementations, the wholesale server 400 includes a wired networkconnection (e.g., Ethernet port, fiber optic data port).

The wholesale server 400 includes an authentication and authorizationcircuit 420. The authentication and authorization circuit 420 isconfigured to receive wholesale authorization requests and generate anappropriate response. The authentication and authorization circuit 420may be configured to parse the authorization request to identify theinformation upon which the authorization determination will be made. Theauthentication and authorization circuit 420 may then compare theinformation included in the authorization request with informationincluded in the memory 406. For example, if the authorization requestincludes an application identifier, the authentication and authorizationcircuit 420 may look up a data policy associated with the applicationidentifier. This information may then be included in the authorizationresponse.

The authentication and authorization circuit 420 maybe furtherconfigured to generate an authentication token to indicate theauthorization determination. The authorization token may be generatedonly when the request is authorized. In some implementations, the tokenmay be generated for all requests (e.g., authorized or unauthorized).

The wholesale server 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes a wrapped applicationaccounting circuit 430. The wrapped application accounting circuit 430is configured to reconcile usage for the wrapped applications. Forexample, the application accounting circuit 430 may be configured toperiodically (e.g., daily, weekly, hourly, monthly) communicate with thebilling server. The application accounting circuit 430 may transmitindicators to exclude the toll-free application data usage fromindividual subscriber's bills. The application accounting circuit 430may be further configured to reconcile usage fees associated to thewrapped application incurred via partner operators. In this situation,the application accounting circuit 430 may receive a request for wrappedapplication data provided via the partner operator and generate aresponse. The response may include an automatic clearing transactionidentifier associated with a funds transfer to the partner operator. Theresponse may include additional status information such as disputedamounts, discrepancy amounts, and the like. The application andaccounting circuit 430 may further generate billing information for theapplication provider. For example, if the application provider hasagreed to pay a fixed amount per wrapped application deployed, theapplication and accounting circuit 430 may collect this information,such as from the memory 406, and generate an appropriate billing request(e.g., via the billing server) for transmission to the applicationprovider.

The wholesale server 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes a wrapped applicationreport processor 440. The wrapped application report processor 440 isconfigured to generate reports illustrating aspects of the wrappedapplication. The reports may be summary reports such as total number ofusers or total quantity of data utilized. The reports may includeaggregations such as by date/time, by device type, by user, by device,by location, by network used for data access, by application versionnumber, and the like.

The wrapped application report processor 440 reports may be based on theinformation collected by a wholesale usage monitor 450. The wholesaleusage monitor 450 is configured to receive the usage information from awrapped application. The wholesale usage monitor 450 may store thereceived information in the memory 406. In some implementations, thewholesale usage monitor 450 may be configured to inspect packet datareceived from a wrapped application and generate usage information. Thepacket inspector 160 may be consulted to generate the usage information.

The wholesale server 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes an applicationprovisioning module 460. The application provisioning module 460 isconfigured to obtain configuration information for wrapped applicationssuch as the data connectivity policy. The application provisioningmodule 460 may also receive the unwrapped application from theapplication provider and apply the wrapper. Once provisioned, thewrapped application may be published or otherwise made available todevices via, for example, the application provisioning module 460.

FIG. 5 is a message diagram for provisioning a toll-free application.The message flow of FIG. 5 shows messages exchanged between severalentities which may be included in a communication system. For ease ofexplanation, the number of entities shown has been limited. However, itwill be understood that additional entities may be added or multipleentities combined consistent with the description herein.

Messaging 505 is performed between the application provider 185 and theapplication provisioning module 460 to establish a secure connection.Establishing a secure connection may be desirable to prevent tamperingwith the application that will be provided for wrapping. For example,tampering may include a man-in-the-middle attack. In someimplementations, the messaging 505 may include providing physical mediaincluding the application such as a DVD-ROM or disk drive which do notneed network connectivity.

Messaging 510 is performed to upload the application to the applicationprovisioning module 460. The application provisioning module 460 mayperform initial processing on the received application such as virusscanning, application size verification, formatting, decryption, hashchecking, and the like. The received application may be stored in amemory associated with the application provisioning module 460.

Messaging 515 is performed to establish one or more registered trafficauthorizations for the wrapped application. A registered trafficauthorization can include a quantity of data authorized for anidentifiable traffic characteristic. For example, 100 megabytes oftraffic to or from a particular location (e.g., top-level domain). Insome implementations, the location may include a wild-card or regularexpressions to allow permutations of locations to be captured in onerule. As another example, an authorization may allow 1 GB of traffic ofcertain content type(s) (e.g., high-definition video, voice chat, etc.).

Similar messaging 520 is performed to establish an un-registered trafficauthorization for the wrapped application. An un-registered trafficauthorization may identify a quantity of unidentifiable data allowed forthe application. The un-registered traffic authorization may bespecified as a quantity (e.g., 100 MB, 20K, etc.). The un-registeredtraffic authorization may be specified as a percentage (e.g., 20% ofregistered traffic authorization data; 20% in excess of registeredtraffic authorization data; etc.).

The application provisioning module 460 wraps the uploaded applicationvia message 525. In some implementations, wrapping the application mayinclude adding the authorization(s) for the application into the wrappedapplication.

Once wrapped, via message 530, the wrapped application is published fordownload and/or installation. In some implementations, the publicationmay be to a location of the application provisioning module 460. In someimplementations, the publication may be to a network location other thanthe application provisioning module 460 such as an FTP site, anapplication store, a webserver, or the like.

Message 535 is transmitted from the application provisioning module 460to the wrapper 300 for the application installed on communicationdevices indicating the traffic authorizations. As the process shown inFIG. 5 may be specifying new authorizations for existing applications,the updates should be propagated to the wrapped applications previouslyinstalled. The message 535 may be transmitted over the air to thecommunication device including the wrapped application.

Message 540 is transmitted to the packet inspector 160 to provide theregistration information for the application. The registrationinformation includes the packet characteristics which will be monitoredfor the application. The packet inspector 160 may establish filters tomonitor the traffic for the identified application according to theregistration information.

When an application requires data connectivity, several scenarios mayarise. In one scenario, the application provider has negotiated dataaccess with a wholesale operator who is also the operator of the networkthe device executing the application is attached. In this scenario, thenetwork operator has direct access to the wholesale operator server. Ina second scenario, the application provider has negotiated data accesswith the wholesale operator. However the application/device may beattached to a network operated by another network operator. In someimplementations, this may be referred to as roaming. In this secondscenario, the application may be considered roaming when attempting toaccess a data network through a connection operated by someone otherthan the wholesale operator. The message flow diagrams below provideexample message flows for establishing a connection and communicatingapplication data in the example scenarios discussed above.

FIG. 6 is a message diagram for obtaining a wholesale data connection.The message flow of FIG. 6 shows messages exchanged between severalentities which may be included in a communication system. For ease ofexplanation, the number of entities shown has been limited. However, itwill be understood that additional entities may be added or multipleentities combined consistent with the description herein. The messageflow of FIG. 6 illustrates obtaining a wholesale data connection via anetwork which is controlled by the wholesale operator.

Messaging 650 between the application provider 185 and the wholesaleoperator server 400 may be performed to provision the application asdiscussed above in FIG. 5.

Once installed and executed, the wrapped application 220 may transmit aconnection request to the wrapper 300 via message 652. The wrapper 300may transmit a message 654 via the access point 120 requestingauthorization for wholesale access for the wrapped application 220. Theauthorization request may include an application identifier and anidentifier for the wholesale operator. In some implementations theauthorization request may include additional information such as adevice identifier, a location identifier, or a user identifierindicative of a user of the application.

The access point 120 may identify the authorization request as awholesale authorization request. The identification may be based on theapplication identifier and/or the identifier for the wholesale operator.In some implementations, the authorization request message may be of adistinguishable type. In such implementations, the message type mayindicate the destination of the authorization request. The access point120 may be configured to allow such traffic to pass through to thewholesale operator server 400. In some implementations, the access point120 may track such requests and include the bandwidth used for furtherreimbursement from the wholesale operator.

The access point 120 may transmit a message 656 to the wholesaleoperator server 400 including the authorization request. The wholesaleoperator server 400 via message 658 may perform an authorization. Theauthorization may be based on the information included in theauthorization request. For example, if the application is executed on adevice located within a retail location, wholesale access may be grantedfree of charge to the device. However if the device travels outside theretail location, limited wholesale access may be granted. The limit maybe based on quantity of data, time of day, proximity to the retaillocation, or other factor.

A message 660 sent from the wholesale operator server 400 to the accesspoint 120 includes the authorization response. The authorizationresponse includes an authorization token. The authorization token may beused to identify the authorization determination for the authorizationrequest, as discussed above. The authorization response may also includea data connectivity policy as discussed above.

The access point 120 may transmit the authorization response via message662 to the wrapper 300. Based on the authorization response, the wrapper300 via message 664 may manage the connections. Managing the connectionsmay include establishing the connection, closing the connection,resetting a connection, or the like. In some implementations, theconnection manager 304 may be configured to manage the connections.Message 666 is transmitted from the wrapper 300 to the wrappedapplication 220 indicating the connection response. If authorized, theconnection response may include an indication that a wholesale dataconnection has been established.

Having established a wholesale data connection, the wrapped application220 may begin using the connection to send and receive data.

FIG. 7 is a message diagram for communicating data via a wholesale dataconnection. The message flow of FIG. 7 shows messages exchanged betweenseveral entities which may be included in a communication system. Forease of explanation, the number of entities shown has been limited.However, it will be understood that additional entities may be added ormultiple entities combined consistent with the description herein. Themessage flow of FIG. 7 illustrates application communication via awholesale data connection through a network which is controlled by thewholesale operator.

A message 750 may include application data. The message 750 may betransmitted from the wrapped application 220 to the wrapper 300.

The wrapper 300 via message 752 may monitor, meter, log, or otherwiseprocess the application data. For example, packets of data may beexamined to determine if the packet is associated with one of theregistered characteristics specified in the data connection policy forthe application. Presuming the application data does not violate thedata connection policy, message 754 is transmitted from the wrapper 300to the access point 120 including the application data. The access point120 may transmit the application data directly to the applicationprovider 185 via message 756. In some implementations, the applicationdata may be transmitted to another service provider (not shown). Forexample, the application may access content (e.g., multimedia, images,text) hosted by a third-party.

Message 758 includes an application response. The application responseshown in FIG. 7 is transmitted from the application provider 185 to theaccess point 120.

Some access points may be aware that the connection is a wholesale dataconnection. For example if the access point 120 is maintained by thewholesale operator, the access point 120 may optionally meter, monitor,log, or otherwise process the application response. At message 760, thepacket inspector meters, monitors, logs, or otherwise processes theapplication data and/or application response in accordance with theconnectivity policy for the wrapped application (e.g., registeredcharacteristics).

Assuming the access point 120 is not exercising control or otherwiseterminating the connection (e.g., because the connection has exceededthe authorized limits), the application response is transmitted via amessage 762 from the access point 120 to the wrapper 300. The wrapper300 at message 764 will again meter, monitor, log, or otherwise processthe application response data. This may include counting the number ofbytes received, identifying the content received, logging any errorsobtained, and the like.

If the wrapper 300 determines the authorized data policy has not beenexceeded, message 766 includes the application response and istransmitted from the wrapper 300 to the wrapped application 220. In theevent the data policy has been exceeded, the wrapper 300 may beconfigured to transmit a message indicating such a state to theapplication. In this case, the wrapper 300 may also terminate theconnection.

In some implementations, the wrapper 300 may be configured toperiodically report the usage data such as to the wholesale operatorserver 400. The report may include an identification of the application,data monitored or logged, errors, wrapped application configuration(e.g., settings, version number), or other information related to thewrapped application 220. In some implementations, the wrappedapplication usage monitor 450 may be configured to compare the reportedusage to the usage identified by the wholesaler operator server 400.Discrepancies of a predetermined magnitude may be used as a trigger toidentify illicit applications.

FIG. 8 is a message diagram for obtaining a wholesale data connectionfrom a partner network. The message flow of FIG. 8 shows messagesexchanged between several entities which may be included in acommunication system. For ease of explanation, the number of entitiesshown has been limited. However, it will be understood that additionalentities may be added or multiple entities combined consistent with thedescription herein. The message flow of FIG. 8 illustrates obtaining awholesale data connection via a network which is controlled by a partneroperator who is different than the wholesale operator.

Messaging 850 between the application provider 185 and the wholesaleoperator server 400 may be performed to publish the application. In oneimplementation, the application provider 185 may generate a binaryapplication. The application may then be uploaded to the wholesaleoperator server 400 such as via HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, or other communicationprotocol. Upon publishing the application, the wholesale operator server400 may apply a wrapper 300 to the binary provided by the applicationprovider 185. The publication may be to an application store, a website,or other distribution location/mechanism.

As part of the messaging 850, the application provider 185 may alsospecify a wholesale agreement with the wholesale operator server 400.For example a news application provider may negotiate 10 MB of use peruser per day for an application to be provided by the wholesale operatorserver 400.

One or more messages 852 may be exchanged between the wholesale operatorserver 400 and the partner network server 180 to establish a partnertraffic policy. The partner traffic policy provides criteria to thepartner network server 180 to indicate that application traffic for awrapped application should be permitted without additional subscription.For example the partner traffic policy may include a wholesale operatoridentifier and an application identifier. These two elements may be usedto identify wrapped application communications and provide a zero ratingfor data connections for the identified application and operator throughthe partner network server 180. In some implementations, the registeredcharacteristics may also be provided to the partner network server 180.The registrations may be used by the partner network server 180 toconfigure a partner network packet inspector. In some implementations,the policy may simply include information to allow the partner networkserver 180 to access the packet inspector 160. In such implementations,the partner network server 180 may exchange messages with the packetinspector 160 to identify registered network traffic.

The wrapped application 220 may transmit a connection request to thewrapper 300 via message 854. The wrapper 300 may transmit a message 856to the access point 120 including an authorization request for wholesaleaccess for the wrapped application 220. The authorization request mayinclude an application identifier and an identifier for the wholesaleoperator. In some implementations the authorization request may includeadditional information such as a device identifier, a locationidentifier, or a user identifier indicative of a user of theapplication.

The partner network server 180 via message 860 may attempt to authorizethe application and/or device. For example, the partner network server180 may determine a particular device is included on a blacklist basedon the information included in the authorization request and thereforewill not authorize the device/application to access their network. Theauthorization may also include authorizing based on previously obtainedauthorization information from the wholesale operator server 400. Insuch an implementation, the partner network server 180 may be configuredto store data connectivity policy information for specific applicationand wholesale operator. The partner may use the stored data connectivitypolicy information to authorize the connection for the application.

In the message flow shown in FIG. 8, the partner network server 180 viamessage(s) 860 may perform the initial authorization (e.g., determinethe request is not black-listed) to determine the request is authorizedfor limited purpose of communicating with the wholesale operator server400. As shown however, the partner network server 180 may transmit amessage 862 to the wholesale operator server 400 including theauthorization request. The authorization request may be the same astransmitted via message 858. In some implementations, the authorizationrequest included in the message 862 may include additional informationsuch as an identifier of the partner network server 180.

The wholesale operator server 400 via message 864 may perform anauthorization. The authorization may be based on the informationincluded in the authorization request received from the partner networkserver 180. For example, if the application is executed on a device islocated within a retail location, wholesale access may be granted freeof charge to the device/application. However if the device travelsoutside the retail location, limited wholesale access may be granted.The limit may be based on quantity of data, time of day, or otherfactor. The authorization may also consider the partner network server180 through which the request was sent. For example, the wholesaleagreement between the wholesale operator and the application provider185 may be a value based agreement (e.g., $5.00 of service per user perday). In such an implementation, the cost of access may differ betweenpartners. The partner network identifier may be used to identify a costbasis for access which may be included in the authorizationdetermination.

FIG. 8 shows a message 868 sent from the wholesale operator provider tothe partner network server 180 including the authorization response. Theauthorization response includes an authorization token. Theauthorization token may be used to identify the authorizationdetermination for the authorization request. The authorizationdetermination may be no wholesale access, partial access, or fullaccess. The authorization response may also include a data connectivitypolicy as discussed above.

The authorization response may include data connectivity policy cacheinformation. The data connectivity policy cache information may indicatewhether the data connectivity policy information for the specifiedapplication may be cached by the partner network server 180 and, if so,how long. This cached information may be used for subsequentauthorization such as message 860 discussed above.

A message 870 sent from the partner network server 180 to the accesspoint 120 includes an authorization response. In some implementations,the authorization response included in message 870 may be the same asthe authorization response received in message 868 from the wholesaleoperator server 400. In some implementations, the authorization responseis generated based on the authorization response received in message 868from the wholesale operator server 400. The authorization response ofmessage 870 includes the authorization token. The authorization tokenmay be used to identify the authorization determination for thisapplication/device. The authorization response may also include a dataconnectivity policy as discussed above.

The access point 120 may transmit the authorization response via message872 to the wrapper 300. Based on the authorization response, the wrapper300 via message 874 may manage the connections. Managing the connectionsmay include establishing the connection, closing the connection,resetting a connection, or the like. In some implementations, theconnection manager 304 may be configured to manage the connections.Message 876 is transmitted from the wrapper 300 to the wrappedapplication 220 indicating the connection response. If authorized, theconnection response may include an indication that a wholesale dataconnection has been established.

Having established a wholesale data connection through the partneroperator, the wrapped application 220 may begin using the partneroperated connection to send and receive data.

FIG. 9 is a message diagram for transmitting data via a wholesale dataconnection from a partner network. The message flow of FIG. 9 showsmessages exchanged between several entities which may be included in acommunication system. For ease of explanation, the number of entitiesshown has been limited. However, it will be understood that additionalentities may be added or multiple entities combined consistent with thedescription herein. The message flow of FIG. 9 illustrates applicationcommunication via a wholesale data connection through a network which isnot controlled by the wholesale operator (e.g., a partner operator).

A message 950 may include application data. The message 950 may betransmitted from the wrapped application 220 to the wrapper 300.

The wrapper 300 via message 952 may monitor, meter, log, or otherwiseprocess the application data. Presuming the application data does notviolate the data connection policy, message 954 is transmitted from thewrapper 300 to the access point 120 including the application data. Theaccess point 120 is configured to transmit the application data to thepartner network server 180 via message 956. The application data mayinclude the authorization token to identify the prior connectivitypermission granted to the application/device. A validation of theauthorization token included in the application data may be performed bythe partner operator. If the token is valid (e.g., associated with apreviously authorized connection; not expired; etc.), the transmissionmay be permitted. If the token is not recognized or is expired, theauthorization shown in FIG. 8 may be repeated to obtain a newauthorization token.

In the case where the application data is authorized, the partneroperator transmits the application data to the application provider 185via message 958. In some implementations, the application data may betransmitted to another service provider (not shown). For example, theapplication may access content (e.g., multimedia, images, text) hostedby a third-party.

Message 960 includes an application response. The application responseshown in FIG. 9 is transmitted from the application provider 185 to thepartner operator server 180. The partner operator server 180, at message962, meters, monitors, logs or otherwise processes the application dataand/or response. The partner operator serve 180 may apply the registeredtraffic rules included in the data policy for the application. Thepartner operator server 180 may seek reimbursement for the datatransmitted for the application. Accordingly, the partner operatorserver 180 may store information related to the application datatransmitted and/or received via its network for the application. Theinformation may include a time of transmission, a quantity of datatransmitted, a type of data transmitted, the application identifier, adevice identifier for the device hosting the application, userinformation, or other data which can be used to effectively identify thesource and/or quantity of data traffic for the application.

Message 964 and message 966 transmit the application response from thepartner operator server 180 to the wrapper 300 via the access point 120.The wrapper 300 at message 968 will meter, monitor, log, or otherwiseprocess the application response data. This may include counting thenumber of bytes received, identifying the content received, logging anyerrors obtained, and the like. The wrapper 300 may apply the registeredtraffic rules provisioned for the wrapped application. Not shown is theperiodic reporting of the usage data to the wholesale operator provider.The report may include an identification of the application, datamonitored or logged, errors, wrapped application configuration (e.g.,settings, version number), partner operator used for the connection, orother information related to the wrapped application 220.

Assuming the data connectivity policy has not been exceeded, the wrapper300 may then transmit the application response to the wrappedapplication 220 via message 970.

Messaging 972 between the partner operator server 180 and the wholesaleoperator server 400 may be performed to reconcile the usage for thewrapped application 220. As discussed, the partner operator and thewholesale operator may have negotiated terms of access for theapplication. The terms may include a quantity of data (e.g., per user,per application, for the wholesale operator) or a value of data (e.g.,maximum cost). The reconciliation process may include identifying thecost of service provided by the partner operator and generating arequest for the amount. The basis for the cost may also be included inthe request. The wholesale operator may compare the usage reported bythe wrapper 300 with the usage reported by the partner operator. Anydiscrepancies may be handled through subsequent messaging between thepartner operator server 180 and the wholesale operator server 400 or viaa manual process. Although not shown in FIG. 9, the billing server 150may be included in the reconciliation process.

FIG. 10 is a message diagram for terminating a wholesale dataconnection. The message flow of FIG. 10 shows messages exchanged betweenseveral entities which may be included in a communication system. Forease of explanation, the number of entities shown has been limited.However, it will be understood that additional entities may be added ormultiple entities combined consistent with the description herein.

One cause for terminating the wholesale data connection is when theamount of registered traffic exceeds the provisioned amount for thewrapped application. Another cause for terminating the connection may bewhen the amount of non-registered traffic exceeds the provisioned amountfor the wrapped application.

The termination may be identified by the packet inspector 160. In someimplementations the termination may be initiated from the wholesale orpartner server (e.g., network side). In some implementations, thecommunication device 200 may initiate the termination.

The process shown in FIG. 10 begins with the packet inspector 160monitoring traffic at message 1062. The traffic may be application dataor response traffic submitted by or transmitted to the wrappedapplication 220. As the packet inspector 160 may be utilized by eitherthe provider server or the wrapper 300, the message flow is applicableto either network or device initiated termination.

The packet inspector 160 may identify that the connection for thewrapped application 220 exceeds one or more authorized condition. Thepacket inspector 160 may transmit a message 1064 to the accesscontroller 170 indicating the authorization for the connection has beenexceeded. In some implementations, the packet inspector 160 may utilizeanother entity to perform the ultimate authorization determination suchas the usage analyzer 316 on the communication device 200 or thewholesale usage monitor 450 described above.

The access controller 170 may then determine whether the communicationdevice 200 is currently attached to the wholesale operator's network(e.g., home network) or roaming to a partner network. The accesscontroller 170 sends a message 1066 to the access point 120 servicingthe wrapped application. The message 1066 indicates the currenttoll-free connection for the wrapped application 220 should beterminated.

In the implementation shown in FIG. 10, the access point 120 transmits adisconnect message 1068 to the wrapper 300. The disconnect message 1068closes the current toll-free data connection for the wrapped application220. In some implementations, the disconnect message 1068 may provide a“save” option. For example, if the provider of the wrapped applicationhas agreed to provide additional data at a discounted rate, thedisconnect message 1068 may include the offer to save the connection andcontinue communications in accordance with the offered service level. Insuch implementations, the connection is not immediately closed for thewrapped application 220. However, if no response is received to theoffer after a period of time or if the offer is declined, the connectionis closed.

Messaging 1070 may be performed to clean up the toll free connection.Where the application was connected to a partner network, the clean-upmay include transmitting usage information from the partner networkserver 180 to the wholesale operator server 400. Although shown as amessage within the access point 120, the clean-up messaging may alsoinclude transmitting an indication of the termination to other operatorand/or network entities. For example, the application provider mayreceive a message indicating the connection has been closed.

Via messaging 1072, an alternate connection may be obtained for thewrapped application 220. For example, a standard data plan connectionmay be initiated for the wrapped application 220. In this way, thewrapped application 220 will begin using a subscribed data planassociated with the communication device 200. Establishing the alternateconnection may include performing handoff procedures as thewholesale/toll-free connection may be provided via a different radiotechnology than the standard data plan for the communication device 200.In some implementations, the alternate connection may include themessage exchanges to obtain the “save” option discussed above.

FIG. 11 is a process flow diagram for an example method of secure datatransmission. The method shown in FIG. 11 may be implemented via acommunication device such as the communication device shown in FIG. 2.The method shown in FIG. 11 may be implemented via an operator serversuch as a wholesale provider server or a partner operator server asshown and described above.

At block 1102, traffic authorization rules are obtained for thewholesale connection. The rules may be provided to the communicationdevice 200 as part of the wrapped application. The rules may betransmitted to the communication device 200 as part of establishing thewholesale connection. In server-side implementations, the rules may beprovided from the application provisioning module 460. The trafficauthorization rules include the authorization limits such as thequantities of registered and un-registered traffic permitted for theconnection.

At block 1104, data is received via the wholesale connection. The datamay be received at the communication device 200 from the access point120. The data may be received at an operator network from the wrappedapplication 220. The data may be received via wired or wirelessconnections or a combination thereof.

At block 1106, a quantity of data received is determined As shown inFIG. 11, the quantity of data received is indicated by the variable d.The quantity of data received may be determined through consultationwith the packet inspector 160. The quantity may be identified usingbits, bytes, kilobyte, megabytes, octets or other unit of data size. Thequantity may be identified using lengths such as packet length, messagetransmission time, or the like.

At decision block 1108, a determination is made as to whether thereceived data is associated with a registered destination or anunregistered destination. The determination may be performed by thepacket inspector 160. The determination process may include obtainingthe identified registrations for the wrapped application based on anapplication identifier included in the received data. Once theregistrations are identified, the received packet is inspected accordingto the registration rules. The registration rules may identify fieldsand expected values which would indicate a match. For example, one rulemay indicate a network address (e.g., URL; IP address). If thedestination or source for the packet matches the network address, thepacket is deemed registered. As another example, a rule may identifycontent type (e.g., video). The identification may be based oninterrogation of a data field included in the packet (e.g., headercontent-type field). If the packet includes the identified content type,the packet is deemed registered. As discussed above, the rules mayinclude wild-card or regular expressions to permit flexible matches.

If the data is registered, at block 1110 a quantity of registered datafor the current connection is obtained. As shown in FIG. 11, thequantity of data received is indicated by the variable r. The quantitymay be stored in a memory associated with the device receiving the data.The quantity may be provided by the communication device or by theoperator server providing the connection. The quantity may be identifiedusing bytes, kilobyte, megabytes, octets or other unit of data size. Thequantity may be identified using lengths such as packet length, messagetransmission time, or the like.

At block 1112, a registered data limit is obtained for the application.The registered data limit, as shown in FIG. 11, is represented by thevariable rd1. The registered data limit may be obtained once such aswhen the connection is authorized and stored for the duration of theconnection. The registered data limit may be obtained periodicallyduring the life of the connection. In such implementations, changes tothe limits provisioned during an active connection may receive the mostcurrent registration limit.

The process shown in FIG. 11 illustrates a single registered data limit.However, it will be understood that multiple registered data limits maybe applied for a wrapped application. For example, the applicationprovider may wish to provide an unlimited quantity of access to theirstore (e.g., commerce) site and limit the access to high definitioncontent. Accordingly, two registration rules may be associated with thewrapped application, one providing unlimited access to traffic to/fromthe address of the store and a limited quantity of access to contenttype video.

At decision block 1114, a determination is made as to whether thereceived data and previously received data are equal to or exceeds theregistered data limit If so, the process continues to block 1116 toterminate the connection. The termination may be performed as shown inFIG. 10. If the registered data limit is not met, the process continuesto block 1118 where communication is maintained via the wholesaleconnection. The process may return to block 1104 to receive additionaldata via the wholesale connection as described above.

Returning to decision block 1108, if the data received is for anunregistered type, at block 1140 a quantity of unregistered data for thecurrent connection is obtained. As shown in FIG. 11, the quantity ofunregistered data received is indicated by the variable u. The quantitymay be stored in a memory associated with the device receiving the data.The quantity may be provided by the communication device or by theoperator server providing the connection. The quantity may be identifiedusing bytes, kilobyte, megabytes, octets or other unit of data size. Thequantity may be identified using lengths such as packet length, messagetransmission time, or the like.

At block 1142, an unregistered data limit is obtained for theapplication. The unregistered data limit, as shown in FIG. 11, isrepresented by the variable ud1. The unregistered data limit may beobtained once such as when the connection is authorized and stored forthe duration of the connection. The unregistered data limit may beobtained periodically during the life of the connection. In suchimplementations, changes to the limits provisioned during an activeconnection may receive the most current limit

At decision block 1146, a determination is made as to whether thereceived data and previously received data are equal to or exceeds theunregistered data limit. If so, the process continues to block 1148 toterminate the connection. The termination may be performed as shown inFIG. 10. If the unregistered data limit is not met, the processcontinues to block 1118 where communication is maintained via thewholesale connection. The process may return to block 1104 to receiveadditional data via the wholesale connection as described above.

FIG. 12 is a process flow diagram for an example method of securewholesale data communication. The method shown in FIG. 12 may beimplemented in whole or in part via a communication device such as thecommunication device 200 shown in FIG. 2 or the wrapper 300 shown inFIG. 3. In some implementations, the method may be implemented in wholeor in part by a provider server such as the wholesale operator server400 shown in FIG. 4.

As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety ofactions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing,processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in atable, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like.Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information),accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also,“determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishingand the like. Further, a “channel width” as used herein may encompass ormay also be referred to as a bandwidth in certain aspects.

As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of itemsrefers to any combination of those items, including single members. Asan example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c,a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c.

The various operations of methods described above may be performed byany suitable means capable of performing the operations, such as varioushardware and/or software component(s), circuits, and/or module(s).Generally, any operations illustrated in the Figures may be performed bycorresponding functional means capable of performing the operations.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits describedin connection with the present disclosure may be implemented orperformed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor(DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a fieldprogrammable gate array signal (FPGA) or other programmable logic device(PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware componentsor any combination thereof designed to perform the functions describedherein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor,controller, microcontroller or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one ormore microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration.

In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented inhardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implementedin software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as oneor more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media andcommunication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of acomputer program from one place to another. A storage media may be anyavailable media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example,and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM,EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used tocarry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or datastructures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connectionis properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if thesoftware is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote sourceusing a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digitalsubscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio,and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair,DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave areincluded in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein,includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatiledisc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproducedata magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.Thus, in some aspects computer readable medium may comprisenon-transitory computer readable medium (e.g., tangible media). Inaddition, in some aspects computer readable medium may comprisetransitory computer readable medium (e.g., a signal). Combinations ofthe above should also be included within the scope of computer-readablemedia.

The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions forachieving the described method. The method steps and/or actions may beinterchanged with one another without departing from the scope of theclaims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions isspecified, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may bemodified without departing from the scope of the claims.

Software or instructions may also be transmitted over a transmissionmedium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website,server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologiessuch as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiberoptic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition oftransmission medium.

Further, it should be appreciated that modules and/or other appropriatemeans for performing the methods and techniques described herein can bedownloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a device as applicable. Forexample, such a device can be coupled to a server to facilitate thetransfer of means for performing the methods described herein.Alternatively, various methods described herein can be provided viastorage means (e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as acompact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.), such that a device can obtainthe various methods upon coupling or providing the storage means to thedevice. Moreover, any other suitable technique for providing the methodsand techniques described herein to a device can be utilized.

It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the preciseconfiguration and components illustrated above. Various modifications,changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation anddetails of the methods and apparatus described above without departingfrom the scope of the claims.

While the foregoing is directed to aspects of the present disclosure,other and further aspects of the disclosure may be devised withoutdeparting from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof isdetermined by the claims that follow.

1. A server for providing data connectivity, the device comprising: anon-transitory computer-readable memory storing data connectivity policyinformation for an application associated with a service provider, thedata connectivity policy information including a registered trafficpolicy and an unregistered traffic policy, the registered traffic policyincluding a traffic identifier for identifying the registered trafficand a registered traffic quantity, the unregistered traffic policyincluding an unregistered traffic quantity; a receiver configured toreceive, via a data connection to a telecommunication network, data froman instance of the application installed on a device; a usage monitorconfigured to maintain a first quantity indicative of registered datareceived via the data connection based on the received data thatcomprises the traffic identifier and the registered traffic policy, theusage monitor further configured to maintain a second quantityindicative of unregistered data communicated via the data connectionbased on the received data and the unregistered traffic policy; and aconnection manager configured to: close the data connection when thefirst quantity exceeds the registered traffic quantity; and close thedata connection when the second quantity exceeds the unregisteredtraffic quantity.
 2. The server of claim 1, wherein the data connectionincludes a packet data network connection.
 3. The server of claim 1,wherein the traffic identifier includes one or more of a locationidentifier indicating a geospatial location of the device, a deviceidentifier uniquely identifying the device, a user identifier indicativeof a user of the application generating the received data, a contenttype, a traffic source address, and a traffic destination address. 4.The server of claim 1, wherein the telecommunication network is operatedby the service provider.
 5. The server of claim 1, wherein thetelecommunication network is operated by a partner service provider. 6.The server of claim 1, wherein the registered traffic quantity includesat least one of a data transmission amount, a received data amount, anda data connection duration.
 7. The server of claim 6, wherein theunregistered traffic quantity is specified based on the registeredtraffic quantity.
 8. The server of claim 7, wherein the unregisteredtraffic quantity is specified as a percentage of the registered trafficquantity.
 9. The server of claim 1, wherein the unregistered trafficquantity includes at least one of a data transmission amount, a receiveddata amount, and a data connection duration.
 10. The server of claim 1,wherein the connection manager is configured to establish a toll-freedata connection.
 11. The server of claim 1, further comprising a reporttransmitter configured to transmit at least one of the first quantityand the second quantity maintained by the usage monitor to the serviceprovider.
 11. The server of claim 11, further comprising a statustransmitter configured to transmit a status message for the dataconnection to at least one of the application or the device.
 13. Theserver of claim 12, wherein the status message includes at least one ofan amount of registered data connectivity remaining for the applicationand an amount of unregistered data connectivity remaining for theapplication.
 14. A method of providing data connectivity, the methodbeing carried out by a server and comprising: storing, via anon-transitory computer-readable memory, data connectivity policyinformation for an application associated with a service provider, thedata connectivity policy information including a registered trafficpolicy and an unregistered traffic policy, the registered traffic policyincluding a traffic identifier for identifying the registered trafficand a registered traffic quantity, the unregistered traffic policyincluding an unregistered traffic quantity; receiving, via a dataconnection to a telecommunication network, data from an instance of theapplication installed on a device; maintaining, via the server, a firstquantity indicative of registered data received via the data connectionbased on the received data that comprises the traffic identifier and theregistered traffic policy; maintaining, via the server, a secondquantity indicative of unregistered data communicated via the dataconnection based on the received data and the unregistered trafficpolicy; closing the data connection when the first quantity exceeds theregistered traffic quantity; and closing the data connection when thesecond quantity exceeds the unregistered traffic quantity.
 15. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the data connection includes a packet datanetwork connection.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the trafficidentifier includes one or more of a location identifier indicating ageospatial location of the device, a device identifier uniquelyidentifying the device, a user identifier indicative of a user of theapplication generating the received data, a content type, a trafficsource address, and a traffic destination address.
 17. The method ofclaim 14, wherein the registered traffic quantity includes at least oneof a data transmission amount, a received data amount, and a dataconnection duration.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein theunregistered traffic quantity is specified based on the registeredtraffic quantity.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the unregisteredtraffic quantity is specified as a percentage of the registered trafficquantity.
 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the unregistered trafficquantity includes at least one of a data transmission amount, a receiveddata amount, and a data connection duration.
 21. A computer-readablestorage medium comprising instructions executable by a processor of aserver, the instructions, when executed by the processor causing theserver to: store data connectivity policy information for an applicationassociated with a service provider, the data connectivity policyinformation including a registered traffic policy and an unregisteredtraffic policy, the registered traffic policy including a trafficidentifier for identifying the registered traffic and a registeredtraffic quantity, the unregistered traffic policy including anunregistered traffic quantity; receive, via a data connection to atelecommunication network, data from an instance of the applicationinstalled on a device; maintain a first quantity indicative ofregistered data received via the data connection based on the receiveddata that comprises the traffic identifier and the registered trafficpolicy, the usage monitor further configured to maintain a secondquantity indicative of unregistered data communicated via the dataconnection based on the received data and the unregistered trafficpolicy; close the data connection when the first quantity exceeds theregistered traffic quantity; and close the data connection when thesecond quantity exceeds the unregistered traffic quantity.